Researchers in New York are conducting a first-of-its-kind study to determine if a specialized herbicide can control the spread of an invasive aquatic plant, starry stonewort, without harming the delicate ecosystems of the state’s lakes. The study, led by the State University of New York (SUNY) Cobleskill and the environmental consulting firm SOLitude Lake Management, is focused on finding a safe and effective method to manage this aggressive invasive species, which poses a significant threat to native aquatic life and recreational water use.
Starry stonewort, a macroalgae native to Europe and Asia, has infested numerous lakes across the Upper Midwest and Northeast, including many in New York. It forms dense mats that crowd out native plants, disrupt fish spawning grounds, and hinder swimming, boating, and fishing. This pioneering research aims to provide a scientifically-backed solution for lake managers and environmental agencies struggling to control the spread of this damaging invasive species, potentially offering a new tool to preserve the ecological health and recreational value of New York’s vital freshwater resources.
A New Approach to an Old Problem
The core of the research involves the use of a chelated copper herbicide, a formulation designed to target starry stonewort while minimizing harm to non-target organisms. The study is being conducted in a controlled environment at SUNY Cobleskill, where researchers have established a series of mesocosms—large tanks that replicate the natural lake environment. These mesocosms allow for precise control and monitoring of the herbicide’s effects on starry stonewort and other aquatic life.
The research team is meticulously documenting the impacts of different herbicide concentrations and application timings. This includes measuring the mortality rate of starry stonewort, as well as any adverse effects on native plant species and aquatic invertebrates. The goal is to identify an optimal treatment strategy that maximizes the herbicide’s effectiveness against the invasive algae while ensuring the safety of the surrounding ecosystem.
The Invasive Threat of Starry Stonewort
Starry stonewort is a particularly challenging invasive species due to its unique biology and rapid growth. It is not a true plant but a type of macroalgae, which can make it resistant to traditional herbicides. The algae spreads through the transport of its star-shaped bulbils, which can be easily carried from one lake to another on boats, trailers, and fishing gear. Once established, it can quickly form dense underwater meadows that alter the chemical and physical properties of the lake.
The dense mats of starry stonewort block sunlight from reaching native aquatic plants, leading to a decline in biodiversity. They also create a poor habitat for fish, as the thick algae mats can make it difficult for them to find food and reproduce. The economic impact is also significant, as infestations can reduce property values and harm local tourism economies that depend on recreational activities.
Methodology and Research Design
Controlled Mesocosm Experiments
The study’s use of mesocosms is a key feature of its rigorous scientific design. Each mesocosm is a self-contained ecosystem, allowing researchers to test the herbicide under different conditions without any risk to natural lakes. This controlled setting enables the team to isolate the effects of the herbicide from other environmental variables, providing a clear picture of its direct impacts.
Data Collection and Analysis
Researchers are collecting a wide range of data throughout the experiment. This includes regular measurements of water quality parameters, such as pH, dissolved oxygen, and nutrient levels. They are also conducting detailed surveys of the plant and animal life within the mesocosms, both before and after the herbicide application. The data will be subjected to rigorous statistical analysis to determine the precise effects of the herbicide and to develop best management practices for its use in real-world settings.
Potential for a New Management Tool
The findings of this research could have far-reaching implications for the management of starry stonewort and other aquatic invasive species. If the chelated copper herbicide proves to be both effective and environmentally safe, it could become a valuable tool for lake managers across New York and beyond. The study will provide the scientific data needed to support the responsible and targeted use of this herbicide, helping to protect the ecological integrity of the nation’s freshwater resources.
The research is also expected to contribute to a better understanding of starry stonewort’s biology and ecology, which could lead to the development of new and improved control methods in the future. By combining cutting-edge research with a commitment to environmental stewardship, this project offers hope for a more effective way to combat the growing threat of aquatic invasive species.
Collaboration and Future Directions
This research is a collaborative effort, bringing together the expertise of academic researchers, environmental consultants, and state agencies. This interdisciplinary approach is essential for tackling complex environmental challenges like invasive species management. The project is also providing valuable hands-on research experience for students at SUNY Cobleskill, helping to train the next generation of environmental scientists and lake managers.
Looking ahead, the research team plans to expand their work to include field trials in infested lakes. These field trials will be a critical step in validating the findings from the mesocosm experiments and in developing practical, real-world guidance for the use of the herbicide. The ultimate goal is to develop an integrated pest management strategy that combines the use of herbicides with other control methods, such as manual removal and public education, to create a sustainable and long-term solution to the problem of starry stonewort.
